{"id":1256,"date":"2024-02-21T20:37:19","date_gmt":"2024-02-21T18:37:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/antithesi.gr\/?page_id=1256"},"modified":"2024-02-21T20:37:19","modified_gmt":"2024-02-21T18:37:19","slug":"ekolojik-kriz-ve-post-fasizmin-yukselisi","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/antithesi.gr\/?page_id=1256","title":{"rendered":"Ekolojik Kriz ve Post-Fa\u015fizmin Y\u00fckseli\u015fi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ekolojik Kriz ve Post-Fa\u015fizmin Y\u00fckseli\u015fi<\/h2>\n

[Heimatlos K\u00fclt\u00fc<\/a> kolektifi yolda\u015flar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan \u00e7eviri]<\/p>\n

Ekolojik kriz, sosyal yeniden \u00fcretimin maddi ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 derinden etkilemekte ve \u201cdo\u011fal afetlerin\u201d \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7erek kapitalizme i\u00e7kin \u00e7eli\u015fkilerin derinle\u015fmesini kapsamaktad\u0131r. Bu kriz sadece sel, kurakl\u0131k ve salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar gibi olaylarda kendini g\u00f6stermekle kalm\u0131yor, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n, sosyal huzursuzluklar\u0131n ve kitlesel yerinden edilmelerin k\u00f6r\u00fcklenmesinde de do\u011frudan rol oynuyor. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da, ekolojik kriz ile post-fa\u015fist ak\u0131m olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ve t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada y\u00fckselen siyasi ve ideolojik bir e\u011filimin y\u00fckseli\u015fi aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131ya dair kapsaml\u0131 bir arg\u00fcman ortaya koymaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131z. Post-fa\u015fizm, sosyal varolu\u015f ko\u015fullar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik yayg\u0131n kitlesel \u00f6fkenin, otoriter liberalizmin ana ak\u0131m bi\u00e7imlerine en ufak bir meydan okuma olmaks\u0131z\u0131n milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fe, \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011fa ve etno-k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesinin siyasi bi\u00e7imidir. Bunun yerine, bu bi\u00e7imlerin tamamlay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olarak, bir zamanlar u\u00e7 ve kabul edilemez olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen politikalar\u0131 normalle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in bir kald\u0131ra\u00e7 g\u00f6revi g\u00f6r\u00fcrken, ayn\u0131 zamanda onlar\u0131 me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131ran sahte bir d\u00fc\u015fman yarat\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Toplum ve do\u011fa aras\u0131ndaki metabolizman\u0131n kapitalist bi\u00e7imi<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Toplum ve do\u011fa aras\u0131ndaki metabolizman\u0131n kapitalist bi\u00e7imi, sermayenin \u00f6z-valorize de\u011fer olarak kendi kesintisiz ve s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z geni\u015flemesine y\u00f6nelik e\u011filimi ile tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. Bu e\u011filim, hayvanlar\u0131n ve bitkilerin biyolojik yeniden \u00fcretim d\u00f6ng\u00fcleri gibi \u00fcretimin do\u011fal olarak belirlenmi\u015f maddi ve zamansal ko\u015fullar\u0131yla zorunlu olarak \u00e7at\u0131\u015f\u0131r. De\u011fer bi\u00e7iminin homojen, b\u00f6l\u00fcnebilir, hareketli ve niceliksel olarak s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z karakteri, niteliksel \u00e7e\u015fitlilikleri, yerel \u00f6zg\u00fcll\u00fckleri ve niceliksel s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 ile do\u011fan\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin birli\u011fi ve b\u00f6l\u00fcnmezli\u011fi ile do\u011frudan kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131k i\u00e7indedir.<\/p>\n

Sermayenin sosyal olarak ko\u015fulland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f her do\u011fal s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken bir engel olarak g\u00f6rmesi, b\u00f6yle bir a\u015f\u0131m\u0131n yerel ve hatta gezegensel ekolojik dengeleri bozmadan ger\u00e7ekten m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelmez. Aksine, tam da burada hem yerel ve \u00e7evresel ekosistemlerde y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklikler hem de gezegensel ekolojik dengenin daha kapsaml\u0131 bir \u015fekilde bozulmas\u0131 potansiyeli ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Mevcut gezegensel ekolojik dengenin bozulmas\u0131 (Antroposen\u2019in ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131yla), sera gazlar\u0131n\u0131n, kirleticilerin ve toksik maddelerin birikmesi ve iklimin potansiyel olarak geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc olmayan felaket niteli\u011findeki de\u011fi\u015fimi \u2014 insan\u0131n sosyal ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in do\u011fal \u00f6n ko\u015fullar\u0131n yok olmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7arak \u2013 toplum ve do\u011fa aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 de\u011fildir. Aksine, bunlar kapitalist \u00fcretim tarz\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcl tarihsel olgulard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kapitalist y\u00f6neticiler ve uzmanlar, y\u00f6nettikleri \u015firketlerin ve devletlerin \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine i\u00e7kin savurgan ve y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 uygulamalar nedeniyle sermayenin \u00fcretkenli\u011fi tehlikeye girdi\u011finde \u201cdo\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131n rasyonel y\u00f6netimini\u201d tart\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flarlar. Buna ekili arazilerin t\u00fckenmesi, ormans\u0131zla\u015fma, su kirlili\u011fi, kolayca \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilen fosil yak\u0131tlar\u0131n ve nadir elementlerin t\u00fckenmesi vb. dahildir. \u00c7evresel bozulma, tar\u0131msal \u00fcretkenli\u011fin yava\u015flamas\u0131 ya da kirlilikle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 hastal\u0131klarla m\u00fccadele harcamalar\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 gibi sermayenin geni\u015fletilmi\u015f yeniden \u00fcretimini engelledi\u011finde ve b\u00f6ylece emek g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn de\u011ferini art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu \u00e7evresel bozulma \u00f6rnekleri ana ak\u0131m iktisat taraf\u0131ndan di\u011fer terimlerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u201c\u00e7evresel d\u0131\u015fsall\u0131klar\u201d ya da \u201cm\u00fclkiyet haklar\u0131n\u0131n eksikli\u011finden kaynaklanan piyasa ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131\u201d olarak etiketlenir. Bu kategoriler, ekonomi z\u0131rvalar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u201cd\u0131\u015fsal \u00e7evresel ekonomileri i\u00e7selle\u015ftirmek\u201d amac\u0131yla, t\u00fcketim vergilerinin uygulanmas\u0131 ve \u201c\u00e7evre dostu teknolojilerin\u201d (\u201cYe\u015fil Anla\u015fma [Green Deal]\u201d, \u201cyenilenebilir enerji\u201d, \u201cd\u00f6ng\u00fcsel ekonomi\u201d ve benzerleri) benimsenmesi i\u00e7in kapitalist i\u015fletmelere s\u00fcbvansiyon sa\u011flanmas\u0131 yoluyla artan sermaye maliyetini k\u00fcresel proletaryaya kayd\u0131rma gereklili\u011fini gizemli bir bi\u00e7imde temsil etmektedir.<\/p>\n

Sosyal bir kategori olarak do\u011fa<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Do\u011fa do\u011frudan verili de\u011fildir: do\u011fan\u0131n dolay\u0131ms\u0131z bilgisi olamaz. Onun bilgisi ve kavram\u0131 sosyal olarak dolay\u0131ml\u0131d\u0131r: sosyal geli\u015fimin herhangi bir a\u015famas\u0131nda do\u011fal olan\u0131n alg\u0131lan\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve bunun insanl\u0131kla ili\u015fkilenme bi\u00e7imi ile bu kavram\u0131n bi\u00e7imi, i\u00e7eri\u011fi, kapsam\u0131 ve nesnelli\u011fi sosyal ko\u015fullardan etkilenir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, do\u011fan\u0131n \u201d sosyal bir kategori \u201d oldu\u011fu \u00f6nermesi, her \u015feyden \u00f6nce, t\u00fcm do\u011fal nesnelerin belirli bir toplumda h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcren temel nesnellik bi\u00e7imi \u2014yani kapitalizmde de\u011fer bi\u00e7imi\u2014 taraf\u0131ndan sosyal olarak dolay\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ima eder.1<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Daha \u00f6nce de ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz gibi, \u00f6z-valorize de\u011ferin s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z geni\u015fleme e\u011filimi, do\u011fay\u0131 insanl\u0131k i\u00e7in salt bir nesneye, salt bir fayda meselesine, zenginli\u011finin ve g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn israf edilmesi kayg\u0131s\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrce el konulacak bir nesneye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr \u2014 \u201csonraki nesillere iyile\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir halde miras b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131\u201d bir yana.\u201d2<\/a><\/sup> Toplum ve do\u011fa aras\u0131ndaki metabolizman\u0131n, do\u011fal kaynaklar t\u00fckenmeden zengin ve \u00e7e\u015fitli insan ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabilecek rasyonel bir d\u00fczenlemesi yoktur. Bug\u00fcn kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oldu\u011fumuz ve ana ifadesi y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi olan ekolojik krizin temeli budur.<\/p>\n

Ancak kapitalizmin ekonomik yap\u0131s\u0131ndan kaynaklanan bu soyut, hesaplanabilir ve bi\u00e7imsel\/ara\u00e7sal olarak rasyonel do\u011fa anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, sermayenin \u015feyle\u015fmesine ve onun \u201cinsan\u0131 insani \u00f6z\u00fcnden soyma\u201d e\u011filimine kar\u015f\u0131 bir tepki olarak ba\u015fka bir do\u011fa anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131: insan uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yapay yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n aksine do\u011faya organik bir b\u00fcy\u00fcme anlam\u0131 atfeden romantik-irrasyonalist bir anlay\u0131\u015f. Georg Luk\u00e1cs\u2019\u0131n zekice belirtti\u011fi gibi: \u201c\u015eeyle\u015fmeye kar\u015f\u0131 militan bir slogan olarak \u2018organik b\u00fcy\u00fcme\u2019 kavram\u0131, Alman romantizmi, tarihsel hukuk okulu, Carlyle, Ruskin vb. arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla giderek daha a\u00e7\u0131k bir gerici \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015f\u0131m kazand\u0131.\u201d3<\/a><\/sup> \u0130ddialar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, romantik\/organik\u00e7i do\u011fa anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131, \u015feylerin yayg\u0131n d\u00fczeninin me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na hizmet eder. Kapitalist \u015feyle\u015fmeyi reddetmesi, yaln\u0131zca modernitenin e\u015fitlik\u00e7i, anti-hiyerar\u015fik, anti-otoriter unsurlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 bir muhalefet niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131r ve dahas\u0131, bu ak\u0131m\u0131n fa\u015fist uzant\u0131s\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan dekadan, dejenere, \u201ch\u00fcmanist\u201d veya \u201cjudeo-kom\u00fcnist\u201d olarak damgalan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u201cKan ve toprak\u201d \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131, belirli bir etnik grup ile belirli bir co\u011frafi manzara aras\u0131nda mistik bir ba\u011f oldu\u011fu fikri, \u201cotomatlar\u201d ile \u201ck\u00f6lele\u015ftirilmi\u015fler\u201d aras\u0131ndaki ayr\u0131m, do\u011fan\u0131n k\u0131tl\u0131\u011fa, \u0131rksal \u201chiyerar\u015fiye\u201d, rekabete ve \u201cse\u00e7ilime\u201d dayal\u0131 ideal sosyal ili\u015fkiler i\u00e7in bir taslak oldu\u011fu fikri, romantik-irrasyonalist do\u011fa anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmi\u015f milliyet\u00e7i bi\u00e7iminin nitelikleridir. Bu kavray\u0131\u015f, s\u0131n\u0131fsal ve sosyal m\u00fccadelelerin ulusal ve \u0131rksal \u00e7izgiler boyunca proleterya i\u00e7i \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya \u00e7evrilmesi ve sapt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik ideolojik program\u0131n ayr\u0131lmaz bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. E\u015fitsizli\u011fi ve hiyerar\u015fiyi do\u011fal durum olarak onaylamay\u0131 ve sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Tarihsel fa\u015fizm ve Nazizm taraf\u0131ndan desteklenen do\u011fa anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n bu iki kutbu uzla\u015ft\u0131rma giri\u015fimi oldu\u011funu belirtmek \u00f6nemlidir. Pozitivist bilgi ve teknolojik know-how, \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fcz \u201cVolk\u201d ve \u201cmanevi\u201d olan\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir kimlik duygusuyla birle\u015ftirildi. Yeni bir d\u00fcnya d\u00fczeni i\u00e7inde ulusun palingenezi, Ari ve Ari olmayan k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerin mitik \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 kavram\u0131n\u0131 \u2013 varolu\u015f i\u00e7in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne bir m\u00fccadele \u2013 \u0131rk antropolojisi, Sosyal Darwinizm ve \u00f6jenik gibi s\u00f6zde bilimsel unsurlarla ili\u015fkilendirdi. Do\u011fu\u2019da toprak \u0131slah\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda \u201ctopra\u011fa geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u201d ve \u201car\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir y\u0131k\u0131m s\u00fcreci, yerli Slav \u0131rklar\u0131n\u0131n ac\u0131mas\u0131zca boyun e\u011fdirilmesi ve \u2018yeniden yerle\u015ftirilmesi\u2019, k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerinin ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, Yahudilerin, kom\u00fcnistlerin, sava\u015f esirlerinin ve y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 ya da disgenik kokan her \u015feyin yok edilmesi yoluyla\u201d yarat\u0131lmas\u0131 ama\u00e7lanan teknokratik bir \u201c\u00fctopyan\u0131n\u201d (yani distopyan\u0131n) ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesine y\u00f6nelik \u0131rksal bir projeydi.\u201d4<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Ekolojik kriz ve gerici ideolojilerin y\u00fckseli\u015fi<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Bu makalenin ilk b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde anlat\u0131lan ekolojik kriz, 2008\u2019deki \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck Durgunluk\u201dtan bu yana t\u00fcm tarihsel d\u00f6nemin alt katman\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan sermayenin yeniden \u00fcretiminin uzun s\u00fcreli krizinin kilit bir y\u00f6n\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u00dcniter sermaye \u201cpolikrizinin\u201d bir ba\u015fka bi\u00e7imi olan k\u00fcresel bir sa\u011fl\u0131k krizi olan SARS-CoV-2 salg\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n patlak vermesi,5<\/a><\/sup> kapitalist \u00fcretimin insan-d\u0131\u015f\u0131 d\u00fcnyayla ili\u015fki kurma bi\u00e7iminin bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr ve en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ekonomilerin bile uzun s\u00fcreli ekonomik durgunluktan ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck b\u00fcy\u00fcme oranlar\u0131ndan kurtulmak i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele etti\u011fi bir zamanda meydana gelmi\u015ftir. \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin neden oldu\u011fu mevcut ve beklenen aksakl\u0131klar, s\u00fcregelen yoksulluk ve \u015fiddet felaketleriyle kesi\u015fmektedir. Bu sorunlar kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak birbirlerini \u015fiddetlendirmekte ve g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmekte, biri di\u011feri arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Pandemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda ve \u201cenflasyon krizi\u201dnin patlak vermesinin ard\u0131ndan kapitalist sosyal yeniden \u00fcretim ve birikimi desteklemek i\u00e7in al\u0131nan \u00f6nlemler, k\u00e2rl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve sermayenin k\u00fcresel d\u00fczeyde geni\u015fletilmi\u015f yeniden \u00fcretiminin daha derin sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 tersine \u00e7eviremedi. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, ekonominin \u201cyumu\u015fak ini\u015fi\u201d hakk\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm gevezeliklere ra\u011fmen, ana ak\u0131m ekonomistler bile \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki d\u00f6nem i\u00e7in uzun bir sek\u00fcler durgunluk (hatta \u201cstagflasyon\u201d) d\u00f6nemi \u00f6ng\u00f6rmeye devam ediyor. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n pek \u00e7ok yerindeki yoksun veya kasvetli ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131 nedeniyle, COVID k\u0131s\u0131tlama \u00f6nlemlerinin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla birlikte g\u00f6\u00e7 ak\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir toparlanma meydana geldi. Ukrayna ve Da\u011fl\u0131k Karaba\u011f\u2019dan Filistin, Eritre ve Bat\u0131 Sahel\u2019e, ayr\u0131ca Haiti, K\u00fcba ve Venez\u00fcella\u2019ya kadar, insanlar\u0131n yerinden edilmesi son zamanlarda muazzam boyutlara ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durum hemen her yerde iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin olumsuz etkileri (kurakl\u0131klar, seller ve orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131), askeri \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n patlak vermesi ve pandeminin getirdi\u011fi artan yoksulla\u015fma, y\u00fckselen g\u0131da fiyatlar\u0131 ve k\u00fcresel Kuzey\u2019deki merkez bankalar\u0131n\u0131n faiz art\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en yoksul \u00fclkeleri \u00fczerindeki etkileri gibi fakt\u00f6rlerden kaynakland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kapitalist krizin ekolojik boyutunun, do\u011frudan ve dolayl\u0131 olarak \u00e7ok say\u0131da insan\u0131n yerinden edilmesiyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve g\u00f6\u00e7 ak\u0131mlar\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir art\u0131\u015fa yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in mevcut \u00e7eli\u015fkileri \u015fiddetlendirdi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu nedenle, e\u015fitsizli\u011fi ve \u201cen g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcn\u00fcn hayatta kalmas\u0131n\u0131\u201d ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz ve geri d\u00f6n\u00fclmez \u201cdo\u011fa ger\u00e7ekleri\u201d olarak sunan klasik gerici Sosyal Darwinist yan\u0131lsamalara ek olarak (\u00f6rne\u011fin, COVID inkarc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve a\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 s\u00f6yleme n\u00fcfuz eden \u201cdo\u011fal ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u201d s\u00f6zde \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ili\u015fkin yan\u0131lsamalar), neo-Malthus\u00e7ulu\u011fun \u00e7e\u015fitli kusulmu\u015f versiyonlar\u0131 da yeniden ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu ideolojinin s\u00f6zde daha \u201cay\u0131k\u201d bir versiyonu, Garrett Hardin\u2019in 1974 tarihli \u201cLifeboat \u0395thics<\/a>\u201d adl\u0131 makalesinde ortaya koydu\u011fu ana noktalar\u0131, yani d\u00fcnyan\u0131n, zengin \u00fclkelerin sakinlerinin filikalarda y\u00fczd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, daha yoksul b\u00f6lgelerdeki dezavantajl\u0131 insanlar\u0131n ise ak\u0131nt\u0131ya b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir okyanus gibi oldu\u011funu yeniden \u00fcretmektedir. Hardin\u2019e g\u00f6re filikalar\u0131n kapasitesi s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r ve zengin \u00fclkeler yoksullar\u0131n filikaya binmesine izin verirse herkes mahvolur: \u201cTam adalet, tam felaket.\u201d \u00d6rne\u011fin Sahra Wagenknecht gibi post-sol gericiler, \u201crefah devleti \u201cnin s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n ulusun vatanda\u015flar\u0131na tahsis edilmesi gerekti\u011fini iddia ederek, kemer s\u0131kma \u00f6nlemleri yoluyla k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sosyal olarak dayat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik eden neoliberal kemer s\u0131kma rejimlerinin s\u00f6ylemine kat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ancak mevcut k\u0131tl\u0131k \u201cdo\u011fal\u201d de\u011fil, kapitalist birikimin i\u00e7 dinamikleri taraf\u0131ndan sosyal ve siyasi olarak ko\u015fulland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Daha k\u00fcstah bir gerici n\u00fcfus ideolojisi ise a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 sa\u011f, \u201calternatif sa\u011f\u201d ve d\u00fcped\u00fcz Naziler aras\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a pop\u00fcler olan s\u00f6zde \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck Yer De\u011fi\u015ftirme\u201d teorisidir. Bu komplo teorisine g\u00f6re, \u201ck\u00fcreselci elitler\u201d kitlesel g\u00f6\u00e7, farkl\u0131 demografik b\u00fcy\u00fcme ve beyaz Avrupal\u0131 ve Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n do\u011fum oran\u0131ndaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f yoluyla beyaz n\u00fcfusun yerini demografik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel olarak beyaz olmayanlarla ve \u00f6zellikle de M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlarla de\u011fi\u015ftirmektedir. Do\u011fum oran\u0131ndaki bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f \u201ccinsiyet ideolojisine\u201d, kitlesel a\u015f\u0131lamalara, \u201c\u00fcretilmi\u015f hastal\u0131klara\u201d (COVID bu \u015fekilde tasvir edilmi\u015ftir), chemtrails\u2019e, k\u00fcrtaj\u0131n yasalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na, zihin kontrol\u00fcne ve medya manip\u00fclasyonuna, geneti\u011fi de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f soya fasulyesi ve di\u011fer GDO\u2019larda bulunan \u201ckseno\u00f6strojenlere\u201d atfedilmekte ve t\u00fcm sa\u00e7mal\u0131klar h\u0131z kesmeden devam etmektedir. \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck Yer De\u011fi\u015ftirme\u201d komplo teorisi, daha \u201csayg\u0131n\u201d neo-Malthus\u00e7u s\u00f6ylemlerle, toplumun \u201cdaha \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkan ve daha de\u011ferli \u00fcyelerini\u201d tehdit etti\u011fi \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclen yoksullar\u0131n a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00fcremesine y\u00f6nelik bir k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmsemeyi payla\u015fmaktad\u0131r.6<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Yeni Zelanda\u2019da 15 Mart 2019\u2019da ibadet eden 51 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u2019\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcren ve kendini \u201cEtno-milliyet\u00e7i Ekofa\u015fist\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlayan ki\u015finin internette yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck Yer De\u011fi\u015ftirme\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 manifesto, \u201cbeyaz uluslar\u0131n\u201d do\u011furganl\u0131k oran\u0131n\u0131n beyaz olmayan \u201c\u0131rklara\u201d k\u0131yasla azalmas\u0131ndan yak\u0131n\u0131yor. Katilin zehirli s\u00f6yleminde yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi: \u201c\u00c7evre a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 n\u00fcfus nedeniyle yok ediliyor, biz Avrupal\u0131lar d\u00fcnyay\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 doldurmayan gruplardan biriyiz. D\u00fcnyay\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 n\u00fcfusland\u0131ranlar i\u015fgalcilerdir. \u0130stilac\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcn, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 n\u00fcfusu \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcn ve b\u00f6ylece \u00e7evreyi kurtar\u0131n.\u201d \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin g\u00f6\u00e7 ve do\u011fum oranlar\u0131 ile do\u011frudan ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131 dikkat \u00e7ekicidir. \u201c\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi bu kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sorunken neden g\u00f6\u00e7 ve do\u011fum oranlar\u0131na odaklan\u0131l\u0131yor\u201d sorusuna cevaben \u201c\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bunlar ayn\u0131 sorunlar\u201d diye yaz\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ink\u00e2rc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/h4>\n

\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ile \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck Yer De\u011fi\u015ftirme\u201d aras\u0131ndaki sapk\u0131n ba\u011flant\u0131, yerelle\u015ftirilemeyen ortak bir felaket duygusuna ba\u011flanabilir. Bununla birlikte, ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ve bile\u015fimi hem sa\u011fdan hem de soldan gelen a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 sa\u011f ak\u0131m\u0131n standart yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ink\u00e2rc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130nk\u00e2rc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli bi\u00e7imleri vard\u0131r: e\u011filim ink\u00e2rc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 (\u201cs\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131 yok\u201d), at\u0131f ink\u00e2rc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 (\u201cbuna insanlar de\u011fil g\u00fcne\u015fin d\u00f6ng\u00fcleri neden oluyor\u201d), etki ink\u00e2rc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 (\u201chi\u00e7bir zarar\u0131 olmayacak, aksine ormanlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacak\u201d), eylem ink\u00e2rc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 (\u201chi\u00e7bir \u015fey yapamay\u0131z \/ yapmam\u0131za gerek yok\u201d) ve aciliyet ink\u00e2rc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 (\u201cyan\u0131t vermek i\u00e7in hala \u00e7ok zaman\u0131m\u0131z var\u201d). \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi inkarc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bu ak\u0131m i\u00e7inde hakim olmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni, en \u00f6nemli enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak fosil yak\u0131tlara ayr\u0131lmaz bir \u015fekilde ba\u011fl\u0131 olan kapitalist \u00fcretimin ulus\u00f6tesi yap\u0131s\u0131 ve mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir ifadesi olan k\u00fcresel bir olgu i\u00e7in su\u00e7u g\u00f6\u00e7menlere atman\u0131n ve milliyet\u00e7i yerel nedenler ke\u015ffetmenin zor olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin ink\u00e2r\u0131, bir \u00fcretim tarz\u0131 olarak kapitalizmin ele\u015ftiriden muaf kalmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da \u00fcretim ili\u015fkilerinin d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 bast\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Bunun yerine, esas olarak en yoksul halklar taraf\u0131ndan deneyimlenen (k\u0131tl\u0131klar, hastal\u0131klar, i\u00e7 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar, vb.) deh\u015fet verici sosyal sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ve ac\u0131lar\u0131 kendi beceriksizliklerine atfedilir. Bunun da \u00f6tesinde, nedenlerini ele almak yerine, iklim krizinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n militarize y\u00f6netimi ba\u011flam\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemleri al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Sam Moore ve Alex Roberts\u2019\u0131n The Rise of Ecofascism\u2019de g\u00f6zlemledikleri gibi, \u201c\u0130nkarc\u0131l\u0131k \u00e7evresel s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 zorlayarak riskleri ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerine y\u0131kmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. G\u00fcvenlikle\u015ftirme ise bu riski k\u00e2rl\u0131 bir kontrole d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcyor. \u0130ki ayr\u0131 e\u011filimden ziyade, do\u011fa ve toplumun y\u00f6neti\u015fiminin iki y\u00fcz\u00fc olarak giderek daha fazla hizalan\u0131yorlar: biri riski \u00fcretiyor ve yerinden ediyor, di\u011feri ise sermayele\u015ftiriyor.\u201d7<\/a><\/sup> Bunun en iyi \u00f6rne\u011fi, bir yandan iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 inkar eden, di\u011fer yandan da iklim krizinin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7men ak\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemeye hizmet eden ABD\u2019nin Meksika s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131ndaki duvar\u0131n geni\u015fletilmesini destekleyen Trump y\u00f6netiminin politikas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Gerici ekoloji ve komplo teorileri<\/strong><\/h4>\n

\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin ink\u00e2r\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yapan a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 sa\u011fc\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerin ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00e7evrenin korunmas\u0131ndan yana yerelci ve milliyet\u00e7i bir s\u00f6ylemi dile getirmeleri ve hatta r\u00fczg\u00e2r t\u00fcrbinlerinin kurulmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 protestolara ve di\u011fer yerel \u00e7evre m\u00fccadelelerine d\u00e2hil olmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fildir. Bu t\u00fcr bir \u00e7evrecilik do\u011fan\u0131n kapitalist s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcne sald\u0131rmamakta, meseleyi \u201cyerli topra\u011f\u0131n\u201d ve peyzaj\u0131n, \u201cgeleneksel\u201d ulusal k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn ve ya\u015fam bi\u00e7iminin savunusuna kayd\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. \u0130talya\u2019da CasaPound, Britanya\u2019da Yurtsever Alternatif ve Yunanistan\u2019da Alt\u0131n \u015eafak (GD), karbon emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131sal durumunu savunurken (\u00f6rne\u011fin Kuzey Yunanistan\u2019da elektrik \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in linyit \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 ve yak\u0131lmas\u0131), yerel \u00e7evrenin (\u00f6rne\u011fin GD\u2019nin yerel kadrolar\u0131 i\u00e7in Mora Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneyindeki Mani da\u011flar\u0131) tahrip edilmesini do\u011fal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n \u00e7irkin bir ihlali olarak ele alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kapsay\u0131c\u0131 iklim krizinin ele al\u0131nmas\u0131, genel olarak \u00fcretimin ve \u00f6zellikle de enerji \u00fcretiminin radikal bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc gerektirecektir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n, \u201cye\u015fil kapitalizm\u201d ve \u201cyenilenebilir enerji \u00fcretiminin\u201d geli\u015ftirilmesi, \u00e7evresel felaket sorununa bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olu\u015fturamamakta ve ba\u015fka \u015fekillerde daha da fazla zarar yaratmaktad\u0131r. D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131\u2019na g\u00f6re, 2050 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar k\u00fcresel ekonominin kabaca yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 beslemek \u00fczere y\u0131ll\u0131k yakla\u015f\u0131k 7 terawatt elektrik \u00fcretecek kadar g\u00fcne\u015f ve r\u00fczgar enerjisi tesisi kurmak i\u00e7in gerekli olan malzeme \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131m\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015f muazzamd\u0131r: 17 milyon ton bak\u0131r, 20 milyon ton kur\u015fun, 25 milyon ton \u00e7inko, 81 milyon ton al\u00fcminyum ve en az 2,4 milyar ton demir.8<\/a><\/sup> Yenilenebilir enerjilere ge\u00e7i\u015f, mevcut maden \u00e7\u0131karma seviyelerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir art\u0131\u015f gerektirecektir. S\u0131f\u0131r emisyon hedefine ula\u015fabilmek i\u00e7in r\u00fczgar t\u00fcrbinlerinde temel bir element olan neodimyum talebinin y\u00fczde 35 oran\u0131nda artmas\u0131 gerekirken, g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi teknolojisi i\u00e7in gerekli olan indiyum talebinin \u00fc\u00e7 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131, enerji depolama i\u00e7in gerekli olan lityum talebinin ise 27 kat artaca\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilmektedir. Sadece lityumu incelersek, lityum madenlerinden kaynaklanan kimyasal s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131lar \u015eili\u2019den Arjantin\u2019e, Nevada\u2019dan Tibet\u2019e kadar nehirleri zehirleyerek t\u00fcm tatl\u0131 su ekosistemlerini yok etmi\u015ftir.9<\/a><\/sup> Ve bu rakamlar sadece mevcut kapitalist \u00fcretim i\u00e7in gereken g\u00fcc\u00fc kapsamaktad\u0131r. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle, sosyal yeniden \u00fcretimde radikal bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece, \u201ctemiz enerji\u201d denilen \u015fey de fosil yak\u0131tlar kadar y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 hale gelebilir.10<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Ancak gerici g\u00fc\u00e7lerden kaynaklanan ele\u015ftiri, kapitalist \u00fcretim tarz\u0131na ve kapitalist birikim dinami\u011fine odaklanmamakta, \u201cs\u0131radan insanlar\u0131n\u201d, k\u00fcresel y\u00f6netimi (\u201cYeni D\u00fcnya D\u00fczeni\u201d)<\/sup><\/a>11<\/a><\/sup> sa\u011flamak ve\/veya \u201cd\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda milyarlarca dolarl\u0131k bir end\u00fcstriyi\u201d te\u015fvik etmek amac\u0131yla yerel \u00e7evreyi, ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imini ve ekonomiyi tahrip ederek kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 desteklemek i\u00e7in \u201ciklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi yalan\u0131n\u0131\u201d kullanan kozmopolit, liberal \u201celitler\u201d \u2013 s\u00f6zde \u201ck\u00fcreselciler\u201d \u2013 taraf\u0131ndan tehdit edildi\u011fi milliyet\u00e7i-pop\u00fclist bir anlat\u0131y\u0131 te\u015fvik etmektedir.\u201d12<\/a><\/sup> Elbette iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndaki kapitalist \u015firketler taraf\u0131ndan k\u00e2r elde etmek i\u00e7in s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir. Ancak, sermaye kesimlerinin bu s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcden kar elde edebiliyor olmas\u0131, Pfizer\u2019in muazzam karlar elde etmesinin COVID\u2019i bir aldatmaca haline getirmesi gibi, elbette \u201ciklimin bir aldatmaca oldu\u011fu\u201d anlam\u0131na gelmez. Kapitalist metala\u015ft\u0131rma ve karl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n nas\u0131l i\u015fledi\u011fine dair ciddi bir kavray\u0131\u015f eksikli\u011fine ihanet eden bu t\u00fcr sonu\u00e7lara varmak i\u00e7in t\u00fcm ele\u015ftirel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme kapasitelerinden vazge\u00e7mi\u015f olmak gerekir.13<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Komplo d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi sadece ho\u015fnutsuzlu\u011fu kapitalist sosyal ili\u015fkilerden uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmakla kalmaz. Ayn\u0131 zamanda h\u00fck\u00fcmetler taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n sorumlulu\u011funu en uygun g\u00fcnah ke\u00e7ilerine atmak ve \u00f6fkeyi n\u00fcfusun en zay\u0131f ve en marjinal kesimlerine y\u00f6neltmek i\u00e7in ara\u00e7salla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Yunanistan \u00f6rne\u011finde, orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm b\u00f6lgelerin insans\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, arazi kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi, r\u00fczgar t\u00fcrbinlerinin kurulmas\u0131 gibi ama\u00e7lar\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak kundak\u00e7\u0131lar ya da bir ba\u015fka versiyonda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den gelen gizli ajanlar veya \u00fclkeye kar\u015f\u0131 komplo kuran \u015f\u00fcpheli unsurlar taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair yayg\u0131n komplo teorileri Yunan devletinin resmi s\u00f6yleminin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 haline gelmi\u015ftir. Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n \u015fu anki ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Mitsotakis, resmi itfaiye a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 yang\u0131n\u0131 kuru f\u0131rt\u0131na fenomeni ba\u011flam\u0131nda y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131ma ba\u011flasa da, A\u011fustos 2023 Meri\u00e7 yang\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n e\u015fi benzeri g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f felaketinden g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin\/m\u00fcltecilerin sorumlu oldu\u011funa dair komplocu \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 anlat\u0131y\u0131 tekrarlamaktan ve te\u015fvik etmekten \u00e7ekinmemi\u015ftir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda, s\u0131n\u0131rda yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 olarak g\u00f6\u00e7men ve m\u00fcltecileri g\u00f6zalt\u0131na alan, i\u015fkence eden ve soyan fa\u015fist milislere siyasi k\u0131l\u0131f uydurarak, \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 katliamlar\u0131 (var olmayan) kundak\u00e7\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 \u201ckanunsuz adalet\u201d eylemleri olarak sunmu\u015f, bu milislerin yerel makamlar, s\u0131n\u0131r muhaf\u0131zlar\u0131 ve polisle tam bir i\u015fbirli\u011fi i\u00e7inde olu\u015fturuldu\u011fu ger\u00e7e\u011fini tamamen g\u00f6rmezden gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Yunan h\u00fck\u00fcmeti taraf\u0131ndan benimsenen ve ara\u00e7salla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan bir ba\u015fka ink\u00e2rc\u0131 uygulama da bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n ve kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n ulusun al\u00e7ak bir d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n\u0131n siyasi g\u00fcndemine hizmet etti\u011fi su\u00e7lamas\u0131d\u0131r (baz\u0131 durumlarda bu d\u00fc\u015fman k\u00fcreselci elitlerle \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirilirken, di\u011fer durumlarda d\u00fc\u015fman \u00fclkelerin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na hizmet eden hain solcularla \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirilmektedir). \u0130lk olarak \u00c7evre Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Avrupa yery\u00fcz\u00fc g\u00f6zlem program\u0131 Copernicus\u2019a (Avrupa Birli\u011fi Uzay program\u0131n\u0131n yery\u00fcz\u00fc g\u00f6zlem bile\u015feni olan ve daha sonra sel felaketine yard\u0131m etmesi i\u00e7in resmi olarak \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lan program) sald\u0131rarak, uydu g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerinin \u201cd\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fckl\u00fc\u201d olmas\u0131 nedeniyle yang\u0131nlar\u0131n tahrip etti\u011fi geni\u015f alana ili\u015fkin de\u011ferlendirmesinin yanl\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu iddia etmi\u015ftir. Yeni Demokrasi milletvekilleri daha sonra Atina Ulusal G\u00f6zlemevi\u2019ne sald\u0131rarak, b\u00fcy\u00fck yang\u0131nlar ve yanan alanlardaki b\u00fcy\u00fck art\u0131\u015fla ilgili yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 veriler nedeniyle propaganda ve siyasi oyunlar y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc iddia etmi\u015ftir. Devlet yetkililerinin, e\u015fi benzeri g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f s\u0131cakl\u0131k, kurakl\u0131k ve iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi nedeniyle daha \u00f6nce g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f s\u0131kl\u0131kta geri d\u00f6nen a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 sellerin neden oldu\u011fu felaketlerle ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kmada devlet altyap\u0131s\u0131 ve hizmetlerinin toplam yetersizli\u011fi ve beceriksizli\u011fini \u00f6rtbas etmek i\u00e7in fa\u015fist a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 sa\u011f\u0131n y\u00f6ntemleri ve dili de dahil olmak \u00fczere her t\u00fcrl\u00fc arac\u0131 kullanmaktan \u00e7ekinmeyece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/sup><\/a>14<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Post-fa\u015fizm<\/strong><\/h4>\n

B\u00f6ylesi bir otoriter yakla\u015f\u0131m, iklim krizinin maliyet ve risklerini k\u00fcresel proletaryan\u0131n en zay\u0131f kesimlerine y\u00fckleyerek do\u011fan\u0131n ya\u011fmalanmas\u0131n\u0131n engellenmeden devam etmesini sa\u011flayabilir. Artan antagonizma ve devlet otoriterli\u011finin her t\u00fcrl\u00fc talebe kar\u015f\u0131 sertle\u015fmesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, \u201cyerli\u201d proleter n\u00fcfusun \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n kendisini iktidardaki otoriterlikle ayn\u0131 hizaya getirmesi ve proletarya i\u00e7indeki b\u00f6l\u00fcnmelerin derinle\u015fmesi yoluyla iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi sorunu da dahil olmak \u00fczere her sosyal soruna otoriter bir \u201c\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc\u201d bir hayatta kalma stratejisi olarak kabul etmesi muhtemeldir.<\/p>\n

Bu e\u011filimin siyasi ifadesi, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131nda ya iktidar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7iren (Arjantin, Macaristan, \u0130talya) ya da otoriter neoliberal g\u00fc\u00e7lerle (son 35 y\u0131lda neoliberal partilere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen s\u00f6zde sol ve sosyal demokrat partileri de i\u00e7eren) d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcml\u00fc olarak hareket eden yeni bir a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 sa\u011f ak\u0131m\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Her iki durumda da, belgesiz g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin ve d\u0131\u015flanm\u0131\u015f vatanda\u015flar\u0131n (Romanlar, uyu\u015fturucu ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131lar\u0131 ve evsizler) insanl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 normalle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. S\u00f6zde \u201csistem kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131\u201d karakter maskesi, yeni a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 sa\u011f ak\u0131m\u0131n, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuvazinin en gerici ve ho\u015fnutsuz kesimlerini, ulusal homojenli\u011fin ve sosyal istikrar\u0131n restorasyonu, yani ulusal sosyal sermayenin yeniden \u00fcretim d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn birli\u011finin \u015fiddetli bir \u015fekilde restorasyonu lehine kitlesel olarak harekete ge\u00e7irmesini sa\u011fl\u0131yor.15<\/a><\/sup> Macar Marksist Gaspar Miklos Tam\u00e1s\u2019\u0131 takiben, neoliberalizm, milliyet\u00e7ilik, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fc bireycilik ve modern demokrasi unsurlar\u0131n\u0131 bir araya getiren ve ayn\u0131 zamanda konsolide art\u0131 n\u00fcfusu, yani en yoksul \u00fclkelerdeki insanlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu ve geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerdeki n\u00fcfusun \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturan, \u201cinsani\u201d yard\u0131m ve \u201ckay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131\u201d ekonomi yoluyla hayatta kalan, emek g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc i\u00e7in bile satamayan n\u00fcfusu resmi veya gayri resmi olarak vatanda\u015fl\u0131ktan d\u0131\u015flayan bir siyaset bi\u00e7imini ifade eden bu ak\u0131ma post-fa\u015fist<\/em>16<\/a><\/sup> diyoruz.<\/p>\n

* * *<\/p>\n

\u015eimdiye kadar, kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oldu\u011fumuz korkun\u00e7 durumun kabaca bir resmini \u00e7izdik. \u0130klim krizinin en temel bi\u00e7imlerinden biri oldu\u011fu uzun s\u00fcreli kapitalist \u201c\u00e7oklu kriz\u201d d\u00f6neminde, son 15 y\u0131lda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ve peki\u015fen post-fa\u015fist ak\u0131m ve rejime y\u00f6nelik ele\u015ftirimiz, mevcut konjonkt\u00fcrde ekolojik krizin s\u00f6zde \u201cs\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir kalk\u0131nma\u201d, \u201cd\u00f6ng\u00fcsel ekonomi\u201d, \u201cYe\u015fil Anla\u015fma\u201d ve benzeri stratejiler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u201cnormal\u201d y\u00f6netimine y\u00f6nelik ele\u015ftirinin gerekli bir tamamlay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. \u201cNormatif\u201d (\u201cdemokratik yay\u201d) ve \u201cayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131\u201d devletin (her renkten post-fa\u015fistler) iki kutbu birbirini d\u0131\u015flamaz, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak birbirini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirir. Toplumsal bir ele\u015ftiriyi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeye y\u00f6nelik her t\u00fcrl\u00fc giri\u015fim e\u015f zamanl\u0131 olarak her iki kutba da kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmal\u0131d\u0131r. Kapitalist kriz ve \u00f6zellikle de onun ekolojik bi\u00e7imi taraf\u0131ndan tesis edilen \u201czorunluluk hali\u201d bir felaketler ve y\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar birikimidir. Bununla birlikte, gezegensel ekolojik dengenin tahrip edilmesi bug\u00fcn hala \u201cpolitik ekonominin ele\u015ftirisinin somut bir y\u00f6n\u00fc\u201d17<\/a><\/sup> olmaya devam etmektedir. \u201cEntropi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir ama yeni bir \u015feyin do\u011fu\u015fu \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemez. Teorik hayal g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn rol\u00fc, en k\u00f6t\u00fc senaryonun olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ezilen bir \u015fimdiki zamanda, yine de a\u00e7\u0131k kalan \u00e7e\u015fitli olas\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 ay\u0131rt etmektir.\u201d18<\/a><\/sup> Bize gelince, sermaye d\u00fcnyas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 devlet ve milliyet\u00e7ilikle ilgili her \u015feyi zorunlu olarak reddeden s\u0131n\u0131fsal ve sosyal m\u00fccadelelerin a\u00e7abilece\u011fi olanaklar\u0131 g\u00f6rmeye devam ediyoruz.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Ku\u015fkusuz, ne do\u011fa hakk\u0131ndaki bilgimizin i\u00e7eri\u011fi ne de onun maddi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, kavram\u0131n malzemesi kavrama tam olarak asimile olmaya direnen bir kal\u0131nt\u0131y\u0131 korudu\u011fu i\u00e7in, onun arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n toplumsal bi\u00e7imi taraf\u0131ndan t\u00fcketilmez. \u201cDo\u011fa sosyal bir kategoridir. Yani, sosyal evrimin belirli bir a\u015famas\u0131nda do\u011fadan neyin ge\u00e7ti\u011fi, bu do\u011fa ile insan aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkinin olu\u015fumu ve insan ile do\u011fan\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya gelme bi\u00e7imi, k\u0131sacas\u0131 do\u011fan\u0131n bi\u00e7im ve i\u00e7eri\u011fi, kapsam\u0131 ve nesnelli\u011fi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan neyi ifade etti\u011fi, hepsi sosyal olarak ko\u015fullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d G. Luk\u00e1cs, History and Class Consciousness<\/em>, Studies in Marxist Dialectics<\/em>, MIT Press, 1971, 234. ↩\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. K. Marx, Capital <\/em>Vol. III, Penguin, 1981, 911. ↩\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>\n
  3. G. Luk\u00e1cs, History and Class Consciousness,<\/em> 136, 214. ↩\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>\n
  4. Roger Griffin, Modernism and Fascism<\/em>, Palgrave, 2007, 324-326. ↩\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>\n
  5. Bu terimi pop\u00fclerle\u015ftiren Adam Tooze\u2019a g\u00f6re \u201cpolikriz\u201d, nedenleri ve s\u00fcre\u00e7leri ayr\u0131lmaz bir \u015fekilde birbirine ba\u011fl\u0131 olan ve bile\u015fik etkiler yaratan \u00e7oklu krizlerin tarihsel bir \u00e7\u0131kmaz\u0131d\u0131r. G\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz gibi, \u201cpolikriz\u201d sermayenin yeniden \u00fcretim krizinin \u00e7ok de\u011ferlikli g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr. ↩\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>\n
  6. R. Malthus, An Essay on the Principle of Population<\/em>, ESP, 1998 [1798], 27. ↩\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>\n
  7. Sam Moore & Alex Roberts, The Rise of Ecofascism. Climate Change and the Far Right<\/em>, Polity, 2022, 44. ↩\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>\n
  8. \u201cThe Growing Role of Minerals and Metals for a Low Carbon Future,\u201d World Bank<\/em>, 2017. bkz<\/a>. ↩\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>\n
  9. Amit Katwala, \u201cThe Spiraling Environmental Cost of our Lithium Battery Addiction,\u201d Wired<\/em>, 5.8.2018. bkz<\/a>. ↩\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>\n
  10. Jason Hickel, \u201cThe Limits of Clean Energy,\u201d Foreign Policy, <\/em>6.0.2019. bkz<\/a>. ↩\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>\n
  11. Daha 2003 y\u0131l\u0131nda Oklahoma Cumhuriyet\u00e7i senat\u00f6r\u00fc James Inhofe, sera gaz\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik Kyoto Protokol\u00fc\u2019n\u00fc destekleyenlerin k\u00fcresel y\u00f6neti\u015fimi hedeflediklerini iddia etmi\u015ftir. bkz<\/a>. ↩\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>\n
  12. Martin Durkin, The Great Global Warming Swindle<\/em> documentary. bkz<\/a>. ↩\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>\n
  13. Sol ve anar\u015fist \u00e7evrelerin az\u0131msanmayacak bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131\u011f bir pop\u00fclist anti-kapitalizm\/anti-emperyalizm ve\/veya neo-romantik bir bilim ve teknoloji ele\u015ftirisini benimsemesi, baz\u0131 durumlarda a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 sa\u011f\u0131n izledi\u011fine \u00e7ok yak\u0131n gerici anlat\u0131lar\u0131n benimsenmesine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda, bireyci anar\u015fist \u00e7evrelerden bile eko-fa\u015fist gruplar ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (ITS). ↩\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>\n
  14. Bu yetersizlik, uzun y\u0131llar boyunca ormanc\u0131l\u0131k ve ta\u015fk\u0131n koruma gibi temel kamu hizmetlerinin yetersiz finanse edilmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki kas\u0131tl\u0131 tercihten kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. ↩\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>\n
  15. Bu ak\u0131m\u0131n bir toplumsal hareket olarak sol ve sa\u011f ayr\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesinde, tarafs\u0131z olarak yans\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmek \u00f6nemlidir. Elbette \u015fu ana kadar g\u00fcndeme getirdi\u011fi konular, \u201cuyan\u0131k\/woke sola\u201d ve \u201chak\u00e7\u0131lara\u201d sald\u0131rmak, g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin s\u00f6zde \u201cistilas\u0131\u201d ve yakla\u015fan bir \u201ciklim kilitlenmesi\u201d hakk\u0131nda korku yaratmak, \u201c\u00e7ocuklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n bedenlerini ve DNA\u2019lar\u0131n\u0131\u201d de\u011fi\u015ftirecek a\u015f\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 ahlaki panik yaratmak gibi \u00f6nceden var olan a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 sa\u011fc\u0131 ve gerici planlar\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Bununla birlikte, s\u00f6zde antisistemik karakteri ba\u011flam\u0131nda, bu ak\u0131m\u0131n kendisini ana ak\u0131m siyasetten bir kopu\u015f olarak sunmas\u0131 ve sol ile sa\u011f aras\u0131ndaki geleneksel kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u015fan bir \u015fey olu\u015fturdu\u011funu iddia etmesi \u00f6nemlidir. Bu nedenle, kendini \u201cilerici\u201d, solcu ve otorite kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlayan baz\u0131 \u00f6nde gelen ki\u015filerin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131, bu ak\u0131m\u0131n olu\u015fumu i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. ↩\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>\n
  16. G. M. Tam\u00e1s, \u201cOn Post-Fascism,\u201d Boston Review<\/em> (bkz<\/a>). \u00d6nemli farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, fa\u015fizm ve post-fa\u015fizm aras\u0131ndaki temel ortak unsur, ki bu ikinci durumda terimin ikinci bile\u015fimini hakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karmaktad\u0131r, devletin ikili bi\u00e7imidir. Bir yanda, siyasi toplulu\u011fa ait olanlar i\u00e7in hukukun \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn korundu\u011fu \u201cnormatif devlet\u201d (Normenstaat); di\u011fer yanda, siyasi topluluktan d\u0131\u015flananlara y\u00f6nelik muamelenin keyfi ve hukuk d\u0131\u015f\u0131 hale geldi\u011fi \u201cayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 devlet\u201d (Ma\u00dfnahmenstaat) vard\u0131r (Bu konuda bkz. Ernst Fraenkel, The Dual State. A Contribution to the Theory of Dictatorship, Oxford University Press, 1941). G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda hukukun \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00fcvencesinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u0131rak\u0131lanlar, esas olarak kapitalist \u00fcretimin fazlas\u0131 olan g\u00f6\u00e7menler ve m\u00fcltecilerdir. Bununla birlikte, n\u00fcfusun hangi k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n \u201cnormatif devletin\u201d, hangisinin \u201cayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 devletin\u201d yetkisi alt\u0131nda oldu\u011funu belirleyen ayr\u0131m \u00e7izgisi, yerel proletaryan\u0131n baz\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 da i\u00e7erecek \u015fekilde her zaman de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilir. A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 sa\u011fc\u0131lar\u0131n \u201ctekno-fa\u015fizm\u201d, \u201csa\u011fl\u0131k apartheid\u2019\u0131\u201d, \u201ciklim alarmc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 fa\u015fizmdir\u201d vb. s\u00f6ylemleri, ger\u00e7ek d\u0131\u015flamalar (Asya ve Afrika\u2019dan gelen m\u00fclteciler, Gazze\u2019deki Filistinliler veya Nazi Avrupas\u0131\u2019ndaki Yahudiler) ile var olmayanlar (a\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131, \u201cbeyaz Hristiyanlar\u201d vb.) aras\u0131nda uygunsuz ve ge\u00e7ersiz kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmalar yapmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in burada dikkatli olmak gerekir. Takip\u00e7i \u00e7ekmedeki propaganda de\u011ferinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, bu taktik post-fa\u015fistlerin daha temel bir amac\u0131na hizmet etmektedir: \u201capartheid\u201d, \u201cHolokost\u201d, \u201cfa\u015fizm\u201d ve benzeri kavramlar\u0131 g\u00f6recele\u015ftirmek ve gayrime\u015frula\u015ft\u0131rmak. ↩\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>\n
  17. Situationist International, The Real Split in the International<\/em>, Pluto Press, 2003, s. 24. ↩\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>\n
  18. Jaime Semprun and Ren\u00e9 Riesel, \u201cCatastrophism, Disaster Management and Sustainable Submission,\u201d 2008. bkz<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Ekolojik Kriz ve Post-Fa\u015fizmin Y\u00fckseli\u015fi [Heimatlos K\u00fclt\u00fc kolektifi yolda\u015flar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan \u00e7eviri] Ekolojik kriz, sosyal yeniden \u00fcretimin maddi ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 derinden etkilemekte ve \u201cdo\u011fal afetlerin\u201d \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7erek kapitalizme i\u00e7kin \u00e7eli\u015fkilerin derinle\u015fmesini kapsamaktad\u0131r. Bu kriz sadece sel, kurakl\u0131k ve salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar gibi olaylarda kendini g\u00f6stermekle kalm\u0131yor, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n, sosyal huzursuzluklar\u0131n ve kitlesel yerinden edilmelerin k\u00f6r\u00fcklenmesinde de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":319,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1256","page","type-page","status-publish","czr-hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nEkolojik Kriz ve Post-Fa\u015fizmin Y\u00fckseli\u015fi - \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/antithesi.gr\/?page_id=1256\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"el_GR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ekolojik Kriz ve Post-Fa\u015fizmin Y\u00fckseli\u015fi - \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ekolojik Kriz ve Post-Fa\u015fizmin Y\u00fckseli\u015fi [Heimatlos K\u00fclt\u00fc kolektifi yolda\u015flar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan \u00e7eviri] Ekolojik kriz, sosyal yeniden \u00fcretimin maddi ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 derinden etkilemekte ve \u201cdo\u011fal afetlerin\u201d \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7erek kapitalizme i\u00e7kin \u00e7eli\u015fkilerin derinle\u015fmesini kapsamaktad\u0131r. Bu kriz sadece sel, kurakl\u0131k ve salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar gibi olaylarda kendini g\u00f6stermekle kalm\u0131yor, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n, sosyal huzursuzluklar\u0131n ve kitlesel yerinden edilmelerin k\u00f6r\u00fcklenmesinde de […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/antithesi.gr\/?page_id=1256\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0395\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"21 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/antithesi.gr\\\/?page_id=1256\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/antithesi.gr\\\/?page_id=1256\",\"name\":\"Ekolojik Kriz ve Post-Fa\u015fizmin Y\u00fckseli\u015fi - \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/antithesi.gr\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2024-02-21T18:37:19+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/antithesi.gr\\\/?page_id=1256#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"el\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/antithesi.gr\\\/?page_id=1256\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/antithesi.gr\\\/?page_id=1256#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"\u0391\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/antithesi.gr\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Other languages\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/antithesi.gr\\\/?page_id=319\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Ekolojik Kriz ve Post-Fa\u015fizmin Y\u00fckseli\u015fi\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/antithesi.gr\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/antithesi.gr\\\/\",\"name\":\"\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\",\"description\":\"\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u2500 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/antithesi.gr\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/antithesi.gr\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"el\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/antithesi.gr\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/antithesi.gr\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"el\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/antithesi.gr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/antithesi.gr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/06\\\/logo.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/antithesi.gr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/06\\\/logo.jpg\",\"width\":258,\"height\":74,\"caption\":\"\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/antithesi.gr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Ekolojik Kriz ve Post-Fa\u015fizmin Y\u00fckseli\u015fi - \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/antithesi.gr\/?page_id=1256","og_locale":"el_GR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Ekolojik Kriz ve Post-Fa\u015fizmin Y\u00fckseli\u015fi - \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7","og_description":"Ekolojik Kriz ve Post-Fa\u015fizmin Y\u00fckseli\u015fi [Heimatlos K\u00fclt\u00fc kolektifi yolda\u015flar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan \u00e7eviri] Ekolojik kriz, sosyal yeniden \u00fcretimin maddi ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 derinden etkilemekte ve \u201cdo\u011fal afetlerin\u201d \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7erek kapitalizme i\u00e7kin \u00e7eli\u015fkilerin derinle\u015fmesini kapsamaktad\u0131r. Bu kriz sadece sel, kurakl\u0131k ve salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar gibi olaylarda kendini g\u00f6stermekle kalm\u0131yor, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n, sosyal huzursuzluklar\u0131n ve kitlesel yerinden edilmelerin k\u00f6r\u00fcklenmesinde de […]","og_url":"https:\/\/antithesi.gr\/?page_id=1256","og_site_name":"\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u0395\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2":"21 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/antithesi.gr\/?page_id=1256","url":"https:\/\/antithesi.gr\/?page_id=1256","name":"Ekolojik Kriz ve Post-Fa\u015fizmin Y\u00fckseli\u015fi - \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/antithesi.gr\/#website"},"datePublished":"2024-02-21T18:37:19+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/antithesi.gr\/?page_id=1256#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"el","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/antithesi.gr\/?page_id=1256"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/antithesi.gr\/?page_id=1256#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"\u0391\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae","item":"https:\/\/antithesi.gr\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Other languages","item":"https:\/\/antithesi.gr\/?page_id=319"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Ekolojik Kriz ve Post-Fa\u015fizmin Y\u00fckseli\u015fi"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/antithesi.gr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/antithesi.gr\/","name":"\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7","description":"\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u2500 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/antithesi.gr\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/antithesi.gr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"el"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/antithesi.gr\/#organization","name":"\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7","url":"https:\/\/antithesi.gr\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"el","@id":"https:\/\/antithesi.gr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/antithesi.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/logo.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/antithesi.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/logo.jpg","width":258,"height":74,"caption":"\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/antithesi.gr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/antithesi.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1256","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/antithesi.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/antithesi.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antithesi.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antithesi.gr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1256"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/antithesi.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1256\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1258,"href":"https:\/\/antithesi.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1256\/revisions\/1258"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antithesi.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/319"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/antithesi.gr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1256"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}